Kautilya Also Known As Chanakya

Kautilya Also Known As Chanakya1. Kautilya, likewise know as Chanakya or Vishnugupta was the key advisor to and the genius behind the schema under abridgen by the king Chandra Gupta Maurya (317-293 B.C.) who stopped the advance of Alexander the Gr immerses successors and introduced the Golden historic period of India.2The Mauryan kingdom united and amalgamated the Indian sub-continent into a single entity for the first-class honours degree time, frankincense creating Indian nationhood. The Mauryan Empire extended from the Persian border in the West to Burma in the East covered most of peninsular India. The empire uttermost(a)ed one hundred fifty years until ab forbidden 180 BC, after which the empire dissociated into some(prenominal) fragments. Kautilya was the chancellor to Chandra Gupta Maurya and he composed the Arthashastra to counsel a recoverr on how to defeat ones enemies and rule for the general good. The Arthashastra was very influential in antediluvian patriarch In dia up to the 12th century AD, when it faded from the public eye. The text, however, reappe bed in 1904 and was published in English in 1915.32. He was a great idea who could write a classical treatise on economics and government at a time when large parts of the world was steeped in keen darkness. All sources of Indian tradition Brahmanical , Buddist and jain-agree that Kautilya (also refer to as Vishnugupta in a stanza included at the end of the work) destroyed the Nanda dynasty and inst exclusivelyed Chandra Gupta Maurya in the throne of Magadha. The discover Kautilya denotes that he is of the Kutila gotra Chanakya shows him to be the son of Chanaka and Vishnugupta was his personal name.While it is known that Kautilaya destroyed the Nanda dynasty and installed Chandragupta Maurya on the throne of Magadh. Not much is known about his early sustenance except that he had a score to settle with the Nanda king and he had vowed to destroy the Nanda dynasty. He found Chandragupta and took him to Taxila and gave him an education fit for a prospective king. Together, Kautilya and Chandragupta set about attacking the Nanda kingdom. The revolt misfired and Chandragupta and Kautilya fled the scene to save themselves and during this meadowlark Chandragupta and Kautilya was hiding himself in an old womans d heartying. He overheard her rebuking her child saying you argon just like Chandragupta Because he had got his fingers burnt by starting to eat from centre of hot dish. The Duo learnt their lessons and changed their tactics and began conquest from frontiers and finally Chandragupta was installed as the King of Magadh4. Kautilya then retired from active life and reflected on all that he had learnt during the process of overthrowing Dhana-Nanda. Since he found the earlier works on delicacy unsatisfactory in many respects, he composed his own definitive work presenting his ideas concerning the ways in which a ruler should gain fountain and chief(prenominal)ta in his authority. He was way ahead of his measure in his view and covered every conceivable aspect on the art of governing and warf are, which could be imagined at the time he lived. For Kautilya, army strategy was an inviolate part of the science of polity and he made no distinction between war machine techniques and showcraft. How to form alliances, how to organise and administer them, how to attack a causeful king, how to deal with revolts in rear, what tricks to play on gullible people- in that location is plenty of evidence in the text to indicate that the author was enceinte real life answers to every conceivable hypothetical situation.3. phalanx has been regarded from the source as one of the necessary instruments for the maintenance of a state. Kings, not nevertheless in India but throughout the ancient world, maintained well nonionic and well prepared armies both for the defence and expansion of their kingdoms. History is wide-cut of instances that whenever any ruler or state neglected the maintenance of their armies, failures in the form of loss of sovereignty or territory have occurred. Arthashastra is the science, which is the meat of the acquisition and protection of Earth. Arthashastra could be regarded as the study of the general well cosmos on earth. And since the state buttocks make this well being possible, the protection of Earth and its acquisition which are an essential part of state activity are declared to be province of this shastra. Kautilyas Arthashastra does not take any religious aspect into account. It deals with the various subjects directly and with accuracy. The Arthashastra contains 5363 Sutras, 15 books, 150 chapters, and 180 Sections. The 15 Books contained in the Arthashastra can be classified in the following manner(a) Book 1 deals with Fundamentals of Management.(b) Book 2 deals with Economics.(c) Books 3, 4 and 5 reap Law.(d) Books 6, 7, 8 talks about distant Policies.(e) Books 9 to 14 look into the s ubject of War.(f) The 15th book describe the methodology used in writing the Arthashastra.4. The topic of war is the last subject in the Arthashastra since War is always the last option. However if a war is unavoidable, preparation and maintenance of the army and the correct warfare strategies are essential in the defence of a country. Warfighting has changed over the centuries due to the extend to of changing technology and other factors. Kautilya contributed immensely to the development of the same, his ways of placement battle groups in war and their administration during peace keeping all germane(predicate) factors in consideration still merits study by the advance(a) armies. Kautilya in his Arthashastra states that war is a method to achieve wealth and stability. He emphasised the guide to understand all the constraints which emerge in warfighting. Kautilya has argued that the main constraint that a state faces is the economic constraint and many a wars have been lost for want of resources. The Arthashastra has advised the king to eliminate the constraints, in the first place the economic constraints in the furtherance of sates interests. The use of economic strength as a means of states power has also been stated by Kautilya. defense OF THE STUDY5. Kautilya in ARTHASHASTRA has dealt with various existing subjects which form the basis of Chandragupta Mauryas rule and victories. In fact there is a view that Kautilyas Arthashastra deals only with matters of opposed policy and economy. A great portion of this book does in fact, deals at length with array matters. He consolidated the existing strategies and tactics of those multiplication and gave his opinion on the subjects, which led to victories of Chandragupta Maurya , who never lost a campaign. It thus emerges that the excellence of Kautilya was not only in diplomacy but also in warfare, but the primary(prenominal) fact is that he was able to embellish methods to organise and manage the arm for ces in a large empire. The concepts of military administration and organisation in war and peace were examined and diffuse out in all the adhikaranas, thus leading for topic of research for combine and analysing those important aspects of organisation and administration which formed the basis of administering and organising large armies as of Mauryan empire, and at the same time contemplate its relevance for new-fangled armies.6. build up conflict has many aspects attached to it and it is not only attack and gaining control .The constraints are what the commander in the battlefield has to deal and find the rootage of each of the constraints. The constraints are tangible constraints and also intangible constraints which have to be solved to progress the war and finally achieve victory. The tangible constraints can be the economic requirements for war effort and the logistics support required for the armed forces and the intangibles are morale, leadership and the training of the troops. The intangible constraints vary from motivation, trg and cohesiveness which are a result of the org and administration of the army.7. Kautilya deals with the complexity of the modern warfare with the constraints go about during war being similar to older times. The problems that existed then, persist in a more widespread and magnified manner in the present mean solar day warfare. The principles of Constraint resolution spoken by Kautilya are also relevant in the contemporary world. Study of Kautilyas war strategy will house knowledge of warfare in ancient India and would also explain the important aspects of the constraints to warfare in the modern world.MethodologyStatement of Problem8. The concepts of military administration and organisation in war and peace were covered and spread out in all the adhikaranas of Arthashastra. Analysis of these aspects of organisation and administration which formed the basis of administering and organising large armies as of Mauryan emp ire is obviously important. However applicability of these concepts needs to be studied and analysed due to the changed spectrum of modern day warfare and its relevance for 21st century armies.9. Hence there is a need to study the warfare aspects propogated by Kautilya with reference to Management of warfare and analyse its relevance for modern armies.Hypothesis10. Warfare Management aspects propogated by Kautilya with special(prenominal) reference to organization, administration and economics of warfare are relevant for modern armies.Scope11. This study concentrates on the relevance of Kautilyas teachings with regard to military aspects in general and organizational, administrational and economic aspects in detail including the aspects of tactics, strategy. The paper will seek to assess the link between economic power of the state and the military power and how one is derived from the other. The methods of resolution of the economic constraints during Kautilyas time and the mode rn times will also be discussed. The study aims to focus on aspects, which are still relevant for the better management of modern armies.Organization of the oratory12. ChapterisationChapter NoChapter HeadingIIntroduction Methodology.IIOrganisation of Army and Constraints in warfare -Drawing parallels with Arthashastra.IIIAdministration including Man Management and wellbeing Aspects.IVArthashastra approach to economics of war and derivation of Military power from economic power.VRelevance to modern armiesVIConclusion.

Watteaus Fêtes Galantes: Style and Meaning

Watteaus Ftes Galantes Style and Meaning deal the content and the possible meanings of Watteaus Ftes GalantesThe Ftes Galantes is derived from a genre of paintings produced in the eighteenth century, depicting aristocratic scenes of mirth and merriment set in the mythic world of Arcadia, where humanity and reputation live together in harmony. The reasons behind this deliberate juxtaposition of twain the aristocratic everyday and scene it in the mythical world was bothfold. First, Antoine Watteau, the chief designer of the genre, wished for his paintings to be prize by the g everywherenment appointed Academic Des Beaux Arts, who still class-conscious scenes of the everyday in a lower class than those depicting biblical, diachronic or mythological scenes with an educational theme. Secondly, the economics behind painting and commissions were changing. In Watteaus economic world, instead of commissions coming almost exclusively from either the poll or the church, as it did previ ously, private patrons were also commissioning wagers, and provided most of the taxation for trickists. But they also, whether by accident or deliberately, provoke a complete series of other responses, notable insofar as they are voice of nothing, and exist rigorously as decorative pieces of art. Indeed the reaction at the time was to place Watteau in a category of his own, as the equivocalness of his images tended to eschew easy categorization. David R. Marsh exclusively suggests that Watteaus paintings were difficult for contemporaries to classify instantly they screwing be understood in terms of spectators response to the semantic vacuum that they present.1 So, the genre of Ftes Galantes tends to subvert conventional ways of recitation, introducing equivocalness on the level, insofar that the propose takes precedence everywhere what exactly is represented. In a sense the Ftes Galantes was designed to be ambiguous. Thus, the Fete Galante, especially Watteaus work, beco mes extremely difficult to read in a straightforward modal value arguably, his work could be laced with irony, his landscapes invoke an almost impressionist freedom, and his link with the image over the message signalled that his work reveals meanings that perhaps were intentional, or else stringently coincidental and decorative.Ftes Galantes (1717), is a perfect representation of the style that came to be named after the painting. In the scene, a collection of characters are assembled around a statue of an angel. The background of the image invokes impressionist works, insofar as the trees and the composition of the image seems more in tune with the way light works, rather than the easy telling of a biblical or historical tale, as was the nature of previous work. Indeed, the ambiguity of this work is exactly what makes it compelling. Julie Anne Plax suggests that Watteau consistently applied reproducible strategies of representation aimed at subverting high art.2 Indeed, this particular piece certainly suggests a deliberate eschewing of the concepts of high art for instance, the statue is a plain, generic statue, depicting an angel. kind of of elevating the divine in the picture, Watteau reduces it to the level of the mundane, as a rather off looking statue in the corner of the composition. Instead of this divine element, our eye is wasted to the centre of the piece, where some aristocrats talk and lounge in the sun. The resultant found is a displacement of our expectations, as the scene of the everyday takes precedence over the historical and mythical connotations of the surroundings.Conversation was an important facet to life for Watteau, and indeed, the sheep pen of people that appear in Ftes Galantes certainly encapsulates this theme that stay prevalent in his work. Watteau sought to capture the rhythms of conversation, and indeed, the ambiguity of the piece, and the way it juxtaposes the divine, the everyday, the mythical and the traditional gives the impression that the piece is stuck in a dialogue with itself over what it is supposed to be representing. The conversational theme is prevalent in all of the Ftes galantes, and it is precisely this, juxtaposition of the high-brow conceptual and representational framework, pasted over the ordinary activities of a few aristocrats that makes the work, in a subtle way, revolutionary. Michalski suggests that almost all Ftes galantes should be interpreted from the viewpoint of the conversational theme. Watteau recognised the high status of conversation within society, and he paid allegiance to it though his artful construction of discursive situations and though the discreet scarcely self-revealing conduct of his figures3. Indeed, this glorification of conversation instead of the high historical concepts of redbrick art could be seen in a number of ways first, as a cynical drive to make money from two differing audiences first, to fit the needs of the Academie and maintai n an audience, and second, to actually satirize the concept of high art by smuggling the mundaneness of the everyday into a grand, historical painting. Thus, the work can be seen as an ingenious way of making profit from two increasingly disparate groups of people, or else it could be read as a more subversive work of art seeking to destroy the sanctity of representative art from within. This ambiguity and decorousness of the art is precisely what makes the work both fascinating and prescient to an audience that would later treat a work of art as a means to represent the creative persons anomalous vision, rather than a selfless depiction of biblical or story events. Therefore, the work could be read as anticipating the impressionists and modernist art. Indeed, this is one particular reading of the piece. The decorative aspects of Ftes Galantes certainly can be read as a prototype for the modernist art obsessed by surface representation and secularism that was to come.Overall, the genre of the Ftes Galantes was important insofar as, despite its position as a distinctly commercial genre, artists such as Watteau, arguably satirized the honorary society by introducing the authority of the artist into these works. Juxtaposing the everyday with the mythical setting of Arcadia, Watteau appealed to both the French Royal establishment, and also the private aristocratic patrons that wished to see themselves in paint, conversing and doing everyday things in the countryside. Thus, the piece itself exists as a decorative piece, unencumbered by the traditional trappings of biblical narrative and / or chastely stimulating works from mythology or history. And, by pushing to the forefront the purely decorative, in many ways secularising high art, Watteau brought to the forefront notions about the kind between the artist and his art, as well as being a forerunner for movements such as Impressionism and Modernism, that would revolutionize the relationship between artist and art, and also mutate the representational powers of painting from an objective depiction, to an obsession with the assorted forms and the subtleties of seeing objects incompatiblely. Overall, Fete Galante is open to a whole series of different meanings and readings, but perhaps it is precisely this sense of ambiguity, this mismatch of certain tenets of classical, traditional high art, and the emergent vocabulary of low art that causes the image itself to be considered over the specificities of what or who it represents.BibliographyCowart, G., Watteaus Pilgrimage to Cythera and the Subversive Utopia of the Opera-Ballet, from The Art Bulletin, Sept 2001Marshall, D. R., Watteau and ordinal Century ArtMichalski, S., Watteaus calico Conversations from The Art Bulletin, Dec 1994Plax, J. A., Watteau and the heathenish political relation of Eighteenth Century France, University of Arizona Press, Arizona, 2000Footnotes1David R. Marshall, Watteau and Eighteenth Century Art2Julie Anne Pl ax, Watteau and the Cultural Politics of Eighteenth Century France, University of Arizona Press, Arizona 2000, p. 243Sergiusz Michalski, Watteaus Painted Conversations, from The Art Bulletin, Dec 1994, p. 2

Ryanair: Performance Objectives

Ryanair Performance ObjectivesRyanairs quin performance objectives to maintain or ultimately adjoin Ryanairs warlikeness, it is useful to analyse its operations with the help of five performance objectivesQuality In the long run, even the most competitive footing structure will non attract clients if the quality of the assistant passing gameed is be pocket-sized a certain standard. This includes maintenance, efficient booking and baggage handling, reliability, punctuality, and interaction with Ryanair staff.Speed The argonas where speed matters most for Ryanair atomic number 18 turnaround time of aircrafts, reservations, luggage handling, and aircraft maintenance, all of which have a direct impact on comprises. Although Ryanair has apply many steps to increase speed, it also depends on service providers that are not directly under its control.Dependability This matchs very favourably with competitors, where punctuality is similar, but the missed bag/passenger ratio is o rders of magnitude higher. This exquisite record has to do with the fact that Ryanair offers only sign-to-point flights, thereby eliminating the risk of luggage mismanagement during connecting flights.Flexibility Customers have a high degree of tractableness in choosing the level of service, since only the basic airfare is charged and any surplus function must be paid for. Increasing flexibility for the customer would mean offering additional options. From Ryanairs perspective, flexibility comes with diversification of supplementary services on the adept hand, and, with increasing market strength, the ability to negotiate alternatives for motley service sectors, such as maintenance agreements, outsourced functions, etc.Cost The burn down price is one of the direct costs for any airline operations. there are enormous fluctuations, and, unlike its competitors, Ryanair has committed to a policy of not imposing fuel surcharges. Therefore, the fuel price become fluctuations and Ryanair takes consider of that action. As a result, Ryanair reported its first annual loss in 2009 when anele prices were at a record high. (BBC Online News, 21 June 2009)International CompetitionRyanair is one of the most successful low cost carriers in Europe. The phenomenon strategy for long-term sustainable which Ryanair has developed from Southwest airlines is cut-cost to gain in high juicy in market share. According to Gillen and Lall (2004) stated that Ryanair has taken step throw out of Southwest operational, therefore, Ryanair has strongly and clearly business office regarding to the airline does not offer any frills such as, no providing service, no ticket, no connection, no voyage agents, no frequent flyer programme as well as food and beverages are sell on board. However, Ryanair can keep the cost low and gain more than profit by setting the cheaper fares to customer regarding to increase the specie flow. In addition, according to the economic crisis and the fue l price has been increased, it effected to all airlines industry. However, it seems not really effected to Ryanair. ground on that, in 2009, Ryanair has aggressively discounted fares to increase the pressure on its competitors and increase the cash flow. (Euromonitor International 2010) Neverthe slight, Ryanair has been very tactical and acted very quickly to get proceeds out of the competitors. Moreover, the competitors of Ryanair, for example, in Western Europe are mostly the enrolment airlines such as, Lufthansa, Air France-KLM Group, British Airways, and Easyjet. Therefore, Easyjet is the direct competitor of Ryanair. Furthermore, the competitors in eastern Europe are mainly budget airlines such as, Wizz Air (Hungarian airlines) as well as the schedule airlines Aeroflot (Russian airlines), LOT (Polish airlines) and, CSA (Czech airlines). In this case, Ryanair claim to increase the traffic to compete with cometitors by operate more routes. However, the competitive payoff of Ryanair that helped Ryanair to maximine growth which require the location advantage by using the supplemental aerodromes that located not far away from the city. For example, Gillen and Lall (2004) stated that at Hahn drome near Frankfurt, the number of passengers increased from 450,000 in 2001 to 1.5 million in 2002, repayable to Ryanair serving that airport. Easyjet tend to have the same direction, however, Ryanair negotiation with secondary airports, a lot located in economically depressed areas, Ryanair bargained hard for low fees compare to EasyJet. On the opposite hand, Gillen and Lall (2004) stated that EasyJet is not entirely secondary airport based and so it does seek to attract some business customers. base on that, Easyjet has more cost regarding to the airport fees. In addition, one of the advantages of Ryanair is speedy turnaround time than other airlines. According to (Barret 2004) stated that the shorter turnaround times permit more journeys per plane which, co upled with the higher seat assiduousness of Ryanair planes, generate lower seat mile costs. Based on that, Ryanair planes are mostly flying and it savings more cost of the airport fees in term of the landing charge. According to Ryanair report (2010), Ryanair received award of existence punctual and less in baggage lost Based on the short-haul point to point routing, hence, (Barret 2004) stated that the punctuality performance of Ryanair is high, therefore, the simple point to point is not delayed the passenger and check-in is quicker because is less complex than an interline one. According to table 1, staff of Ryanairs were non union, (Vlaar et al. 2005) stated that the consequence is pliable workforces enable low-cost airlines to fly and support each aircraft with only cardinal workers, compared to the employees that required by traditional network carrier. For instant, Ryanair focus on the impish cost control measures. Pilots and cabin crew received lower salaries than other industries, however, the employees received significant variable compensation such as, the commissions on on-board sales. (ibid) send back 1. Some distinctive features of Ryanairs business modelChoice Consequence vicarious airports Low airport feesLowest ticket price Large glitzLow commissions to travel agents Low costStandardized fleet of 737s talk terms power with suppliersSingle-class Economies of scaleHigh-powered incentives Attract combative teamNo meal Faster turnaroundNothing free Additional taxSpartan headquatres Low fixed costNo unions Flexibility in rostering staffSource Casadesus-Masanell R, and Ricart J E, 2010 cited from Strategy to Business Models to TacticsAs a result, (Vlaar et al. 2005) think that Ryanairs business model is a simple product, low operating cost, and differential positioning which they focused on leisure, VFS (visiting friends and relative). Based on that, the value proposition is good fit with these customer segments. More importantly , (Casadesus-Masanell and Ricart 2010) concluded that Ryanair plan of action create a unique and valuable position by engaging in a new set of activities. Based on that, Ryanair found the way to operate the play along more faculty amongst the competitors by create the value for their stakeholders.International emerging marketsThe Ansoff product-market expansion power system is useful for Ryanair to visualise and identify market opportunities. Therefore, Ryanair establishing a partnership with Wizz Air, it helps company penetrate non-EU markets, synergies can benefit in both party. Regarding to, the market organic evolution Ryanair striving to target in business travellers by offering them more benefits such as refundable tickets in terms of more flexible. Moreover, Ryanair consider of the product development by plan to open the new route to US for long-haul, with flight tickets starting at EUR10 according to the Open Skies Agreement amidst the EU and the US. Based on that, Ryan air could attract more young generation travellers who has low income but would love to experience in Hollywood place.

Gas turbine engine

Gas turbine engineTURBINE trade name COOLINGABSTRACT displayIt is well known from the thermodynamic analysis through literature take after that the performance of a fluid turbine engine is strongly influenced by the temperature at the inlet to the turbine. Figure 1 illustrates the relation between the specific motive output and turbine rotor inlet temperature. There is thus a growing tendency to use advanceder turbine inlet temperatures, implying increasing heat fill to the engine components. Engine manufacturers film recognised this for some time and have been continuously increasing turbine inlet temperature, especially during the last three decades. The swords atomic number 18 cooled by extracting air from the compressor stages.Modern gas turbine engines are designed to keep in line at inlet temperatures of 1800-2000K, which are far beyond the allowable alloy temperatures. Thus, to of importtain acceptable living and safety standards, the structural elements needs t o be protected against the severe thermal environment. This calls for the design of an efficient cooling formation for these elements. Rotor stigma of senior high school pressure gas turbine is such a critical element and hence the trade name metal temperature should not be allowed to exceed beyond a value at which the spirit or safety standards cant be met. It is required to cool the blade in such a right smart that the amount of heat transferred from the externally flow rate hot gas to the blade should be removed by an becharm cooling design to limit the real high temperature.STRESSES IN THE BLADERotor blades of gas turbine are subjected to very high rotational speeds of the suppose of several thousand rpm and withal are exposed to a variable thermal environment. Hence these blades are subjected to opposite types of linees of different magnitudes and directions. As it is known, that the medium is a forge of support and working temperature the cyberspace strivin g at any section of the blade should not exceed the supreme allowable value. The control on the blade metal temperature is the only way to sustain the filteres for the designed life of the blade for a specific operate condition and life requirement. Therefore to know just about the cooling requirement, assayes should be predicted correctly on the blades at different sections.There are in general four types of filtratees with that rotor blades are being subjectedCentrifugal tensile punctuateGas flexure mental strain andCentrifugal bending distort thermal stress1.1. Centrifugal tensile stressCentrifugal stress in the rotor blade is due to the rotation of the blade. It is tensile in nature. This is the largest in magnitude yet not necessarily the most important because it is nigh a steady stress. When the rotational speed of the blade is specified, the allowable motor(a) tensile stress places a limit on the annulus champaign but does not affect the choice of blade chord. This stress is the basic cause of the blade failure due to the creep.1.2. Centrifugal bending stressIf the blade design is such that the centroids of all the blade cross-sections at different radii, taken perpendicular to the radial direction, do not lie in the same radial plane, centrifugal stresses arising in the blade forget fork up to bend the blade. This type of stress arising due to the different directions of the centrifugal stresses in different blade sections is called as centrifugal bending stress. It will green goods compressive stress in one side of the blade whereas tensile stress in the opposite side. Any torsional stress arising from these centrifugal stresses is small lavish to be neglected. Thus this stress is very sensitive to manufacturing errors.1.3. Gas bending stressThe force arising from the change in angular pulsation of the gas in the tangential direction, which produces the useful torque, also tries to bend the blade about the axis of rotation of the blades. The stress arising due to this bending force is called as gas bending stress. There may be change of significationum in the axial direction and in reaction turbines there will certainly be a pressure force in the axial direction. All these two will produce a bending moment in the blade about the tangential direction. The gas bending stress will be tensile in the leading and trailing exhibits and compressive in the back of the blade and with tapered twisted blades either the leading or trailing edge suffers with the maximum value of this stress. This is a fluctuating stress and its value becomes maximum when the rotor blade passes through the leading edge of the stator.1.4. Gas bending stressTurbine blade is subjected to three-dimensional temperature gradients, along the blade height, along the blade profile and along the thickness of the blade.Due to these temperature gradients the blade fibres tend to deform unequally. This unequal deformation causes mainly two types of stresses to entrap up in the blade, compressive and tensile. As the blade considered is un-cooled therefore the contribution of the stress due to the temperature gradient along the thickness of the blade in net stress is not appreciable and can be neglected. Usually with the cooled blade this source of stress is main among all the sources of thermal stress.Again the thermal stress due to the temperature gradient along the blade height would not come in picture because the blade is free to expand along the height. provided the stress due to temperature gradient along the chord of the blade will contribute in net blade stress but its magnitude would not be much because the temperature gradient along the chord is not so high.BLADE MATERIAL AND STRENGTHGas turbine blades are exposed to a very severe thermal atmosphere. The temperature is so high that it is fairly much more than the melting points of the common high- durability seculars. Besides high temperature the requirement of du rability is also another factor, which makes common materials unsuitable for use. Only super alloys may be suitable for this purpose. But the current reduce of continuously increasing the turbine entry temperature attracted the concentration of the designers not only towards the in the buff materials with well-improved mechanical and thermal properties but also to restrict the temperature of the blade material by its proper cooling. So, the material should have sufficient strength to feel the operating situations.1.5. Strength of blade materialIn ordinary temperature conditions the strength of the material under changeless loads is estimated by tensile strength or yield strength. At high temperatures under action of constant loads in ordinary structural materials there appears the phenomenon of creep. It occurs as a result of prolonged exposure of materials to high stresses at high temperatures. This is peculiarly a acute problem on super stressed rotating turbine blades and i t occurs in the form of slowly and continuously developing waxy deformation. And excess of this plastic deformation causes the failure of the component. It is observed that at constant stress the high the temperature the more quickly proceeds the process of creep i.e. the lesser the life of the component. It means that at a particular stress lesser will be the temperature higher will be the life of component. Therefore life of the component is a function of working temperature and stress. Hence to maintain the life of the component at a desire value it is required to glare the temperature of the component.Gas turbines operate in conditions of high temperatures and therefore in highly stressed components like rotor blades there appears the phenomenon of creep. Therefore for these cases where creep is the main criterion behind component failure the ultimate tensile stress is defined as the stress at which the component fails at a certain working temperature after the expiry of a ce rtain period of time. It means that the strength of the material subjected at high temperatures is a function of this temperature and its operational life.PAST COOLINGThe technology of turbine cooling was recognised by some almost from the inception of the primary turbojet engine. Cooling studies were start performed in the 1940 and many investigations were carried on in the 1950s. Around 1960, turbine cooling was first used in a commercial aircraft engine. Since that time, there has been a very rapid rise in turbine inlet temperature that has placed an even greater emphasis on turbine cooling. A continuous improvement in high-temperature materials has also helped to increase the turbine inlet temperature. The cooling technique used during 1960s was angiotensin converting enzyme internal passage convection cooling. The air used for cooling was injected through the stemma of the blade and to the internal aerofoil.

Conclusion On Foot Reflexology Health And Social Care Essay

Conclusion On Foot Reflexology health And Social C atomic number 18 EssayThis study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of rear reflexology in terms of enhancing psychological wellbeing of elderly people in selected old age home at Pondicherry.Ageing is the accumulation of changes in an organism or object over time. Ageing in worldly concern refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Health is vital to have well-being and quality of life in old age and is subjective if older citizen are to continue making active to society. Problems of the ageing are mostly not referable to age but largely due to psychosocial environment, diminishing supports and changes in life situations.According to traditional medicine apiece foot has over 7,000 nerve endings, 26bones, 107 ligaments and 19 muscles. This type of drugless therapy creates a physiological change in the body by naturally improve your Circulation, which reduces our body Tension and enhances relaxation. It aids in the elimination of the body bodge and restoring the body functions to better health.The objectives of the study wereTo assess and equal the pre and touch take aim of psychological wellbeing of experimental group.To assess and compare the pre and post take of psychological wellbeing of control group.To compare the pre test train of psychological well being surrounded by experimental group and control group..To compare the post test level of psychological well being between experimental group and control group.To associate the pre test level of psychological wellbeing among elderly with their selected demographic variablesTo associate the post test level of psychological wellbeing among elderly with selected demographic variables.The research hypothesis give tongue to wereThere is a significant difference between the pre test and post test level of psychological well-being among elderly in experimental group at p

Madonnas Role in a Feminist Culture Essay example -- Papers

bloody shames Role in a Feminist CultureIn the admit written by gong meat meat hooks, Outlaw Culture Resisting Representations, she criticizes a enumerate of the actions and viewpoints of bloody shame. Claiming that bloody shame has changed from appearing to be a industrial-strength womens liberationist characterisation into a woman who no longer has a connection with feminist views, bell hooks examines how Madonna chooses to represent herself as well as Madonnas changing role in the feminist world. accord to bell hooks, initially Madonna was a very transgressive in a feminist sense, and now she appears to be almost welcoming of the phallocentric imperialist immemorial views. I agree with our class discussion and with bell hooks critique, touch modality that Madonna has changed from a woman who resisted male dominating ideas showing strong feminist characteristics into a more accepting view of patriarchy and sexism. proto regular(prenominal) explaining the Madonna of the past as a cultural icon. Madonna was back up and idolized by feminists, because she portrayed herself as a very independent, strong, and puissant woman, unbounded by sexism and a system flooded with patriarchy. By transgressing the margin of a sexist society, she showed us that a woman could be strong, independent, sexy, powerful, and serious as good as any man, if not better. Over time, bell hooks explains, Madonna has changed, being more accepted by the ancient and sexist society, neglecting her previous advocation of feminist images. Madonna has done this, bell hooks argues, by posing very seductively in Vanity honest magazine. These images supposedly show Madonna in very conventional and typical kiddie-porn photographs. When appearing in images like these, Madonna is implying that she openly welcomes sexist and antiquated ... ...se show me that bell hooks is correct in her critique of Madonna, changing from a once feminist cultural icon to a image of the white supr emacist patriarchal views. In her book, Outlaw Culture Resisting Representations, bell hooks gives us a critique of Madonna, giving us examples of how Madonna has alter into a figure whom has abandoned her feminist thinking. These examples include Madonnas photographs, her book Sex, and quotations. I agree with bell hooks critique of Madonna because I feel that evidence ass be shown in Madonnas actions over time supporting her change in views. From Madonnas portrayal of a feminist to an advocate of patriarchal ideas, it can clearly be seen that Madonna has withdrawn her stand as a feminist cultural icon.Works Citedhooks, bell. (1994). Outlaw Culture Resisting Representations. New York, Routledge.

Essay --

INTRODUCTION advertisement can have in mind many different things in todays world. When advertising source was developed it was d genius by would of mouth and the classic flyer or poster, which is the traditional media. Then it moved up to using broadcast media such(prenominal) as radio to help capture a bigger audience. after that it moved towards the television where an even bigger audience could be reached. ultimately companies started to realize the shear amount of traffic that was generated by the net income.The Internet early started to get popular in the mid 1990s. Where only people with advanced tech computers and that could afford the service had the Internet. Of course the Internet did not savour the modal value it does now during that time. There were no pop up ads, java, banners, or graphics that made a consumer purchase a product because they axiom it on the Internet. One main reason that thither was none of this was because the Internet could only use dial up. Of course everyone knows how slowly that was, so movie trying to upload or update a website at that thou with huge files. We all know that this would take a very vast time eventually making the company lose money. With the turn of the deoxycytidine monophosphate close by not only did we enter a spick-and-span century but we entered a new age of the Internet. The introduction of a cable modem drastically increased the Internet population. With speeds up to almost one hundred times faster then dial up in that location was no comparison. With this new invention companies soon started to ease off on some parts of their advertising campaign and focused more on advertising on the Internet.So what is Internet Advertising? Internet Advertising is a way of marketing services or products on the creative activity Wide Web. This can be done through search engine o... ... right people by increasing the awareness about the product, its benefits and drawbacks. This is important for the success of a business.There is twain good and dark fount of Internet advertising, including for social networking sites. As alluded to earlier, Internet marketing can exhibit in negative, sometimes downright irritating, ways. Advertising malpractice can broach both the ethical and the legal. In e-mail marketing, knowing what constitutes spamming and what is legitimate advertising is exceedingly important.Internet threw open the plethora of opportunities for enormous scaling of business, thanks to the massive scope of expanding as well as popularizing the business by way of online advertisement. Now, every kind of business no matter big or small businesses can expand itself by way of online advertising where there are massive users across the whole world.

Gender :: essays research papers

GENDER Gender can be defined as the sexual practice-role that a person takes on according to guidelines or standards instilled in us by society. One can be a male or egg-producing(prenominal) biologic entirelyy, but still be perceived as the opposite sex collectable to the way one may think or designate him self or her self. Whether or not we ar born with certain(prenominal) biological traits take issueent in male versus female is the nature versus sustain question that has been around for years. Through research, science has found that work force and wo workforce differ in the way they process information, but whether or not this is due to the way that they are socialized or if in fact they are born this way has yet to be proven.In women and men, both respectfully, there exist many obvious differences that may several(prenominal)times overshadow some similarities. Some of the to a greater extent common identities familiarized with the males are their independence and somet imes exaggerated aggressiveness. Males also tend to be more focused on tasks and connections when with larger groups. The women, on the other run, tend to be more interdependent, little aggressive, more sharing, more imitation of relationship and intimate discussion, more charitable, more empathetic, more apt(predicate) to smile, more warm, and more skilled at expressing emotions non-verbally. lets face it males, women are the super humans. One of the positive give away advantages of a male is their assertiveness and high self-esteem. The women on the other hand are more extroverted and tender minded, qualities, which enable them to be all of the characteristics listed before. When gender differences are viewed at in a sexual aspect, the men are still the stereotypical pigs. Through relationships males are more likely to be involved for one thing, sex. The females, being much more sensitive and all, want love and compassion through a relationship, and maybe sex, or making love on the side. In other words men want lust and women want love. Although popular belief may hasten that the females are the more cordially advanced, or smarter, studies show that both males and females fill the same academic abilities and IQ average. Males are much better with mental rotation though.

Artificial Insemination and the Rights of Women, Men, and Children Essa

Women have adamantly battled for policy-making and social reproductive rights since, in particular artificial insemination, have obtain mainstream phenomena in the recent decade with a focus on rights of women. In fact, doctors have experimented with the operation for nearly a century. However, with the womens liberation parkway of the 1970s, physician-assisted and self-insemination has become more and more popular among heterosexual career women and lesbians. The Origins of mawkish Insemination She was a Quaker. The wife of a merchant. The infertility patient of Dr. William Pancoast. She was a cleaning womanhood whose name was never recorded. Dr. Pancoast, a professor at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, had already examined and tested her numerous times. Finally, he discovered that she was fertile and that the puzzle was her husbands There were no sperm. Pancoast (or maybe it was one of his students) had an idea. He called her in. He just wanted to examine her once more, he told her. The woman lay on the table as she had been told to do. Pancoasts six medical exam students-all young men- stood around her body. Pancoast anesthetized the woman with chloroform. He took the receptacle into which one of his students had masturbated. With a labored rubber syringe, he inserted the students semen into her uterus. He hence plugged her cervix with gauze. When she awoke, he did not tell her what he had done. He never told her. Nine months later, she bore a son. It was 1884. This was the first reported benevolent artificial insemination with donor semen. It was a rape. (Corea, 12) As explained by the above draw out from The Mother Machine, artificial insemination is not a recent technological breakthrough. The procedure among huma... ...n under the notion that reproductive technologies will ensure conception of a perfect child. If the child is born with a congenital defect or is of the wrong sex, the parents present feelings of disappointment, whic h is often reflected in the rearing of the child. (Blank) Moreover, parents treat their children as more fragile that other children in their nuclear family conceived by ingrained means, and tend to be overprotective of him or her. Works Cited Blank, Robert. Human Reproduction, rising Technologies, and Conflicting Rights Congressional Quarterly Washington D.C., 1995. Corea, Gena. The Mother Machine fruitful Technologies from Artificial Insemination to Artificial Wombs New York Harper & Row, 1985. Daniels, Ken R. Information sacramental manduction in Semen Donation The Views of Donors Social Science & Medicine v. 44 no5 (March 1997) p. 673-80

Sunset Boulevard Revisited :: Essays Papers

Sunset Boulevard Revisited When the film Sunset Boulevard premiered in Hollywood in 1950, the picture caused a riot in the household after the feature finished. Director Billy chaotic commented, Ive never seen so many prominent people at once the ledger was out that this was a stunner, you see. After the picture ended there were rough reactions, from excitement to pure horror(May 570). Wilder did whatever he could to grip the patch of Sunset Boulevard a secret outside of the walls of dominant Studios because of its controversial subject matter. Today, Sunset Boulevard is hailed as one of the better films in motion picture history, so what was so controversial slightly it that made Hollywood so scared? The answer is that the film dealt with the justness about Hollywood and its stars. It scared people because it portrayed the life of a faded movie star in a realistic way, qualification members of Hollywood evaluate their careers and life after stardom. However , it was not only the while that terrified Hollywood, but also Wilders casting of Gloria Swanson and Erich Von Stroheim in two of the leading roles. Both had been film stars of the silent era spine in the roaring twenties, but had fallen on hard multiplication after their careers had fizzled. Therefore, the stunner that Wilder talks about is not the plot of Sunset Boulevard, but the terrifying realism demonstrated by the pseuds lives molding the characters they play in the film. The protagonist of the film is Norma Desmond, a washed-up actress who has delusions about reclaiming her fame again. At the end of the film, her sanity snaps when she loses her lover, Joe Gillis, and realizes that she will never retort to the stardom that she once knew in her youth. On casting the role of Norma, Wilder knew that recruitment an actress from the early years of cinema would be ideal for the story he wanted to tell, rather than hiring a popular actress from the current Hollywood roster. Wilder discussed Mae West and Mary Pickford for the role, but finally decided on Gloria Swanson. Gloria Swanson had been actually famous in the twenties, acting for such names as surface-to-air missile Wood and Cecil B.

The Argumentr Regardingf The Decriminalization Of Cannabis Essay

The Argument Over the Decriminalization of CannabisThe majority of Americans film the same issues as the most threatening to the nation. Invariably among these one entrust see drugs as a major concern of most Americans. in that location is speculation that this is due to a perceived association between drugs and shame (Inciardi 1). A good deal of the argument over government insurance policy towards drugs centers on the least unhealthy and most socially accepted of the punishable drugs, marijuana. Marijuana, scientifically known as Tetrahydrocannabinol, belongs to its own group among other effectual and illegal drugs. It is neither a narcotic, such as heroin, nor a stimulant, such as caffeine or tobacco, nor a depressant, such as alcohol. The cannabis plant is thought to have grown originally in Asia, though it was in like manner discovered upon the settling of North America. Its leaves, when smoked, instigate physiological reactions. When the busy chemical in cannabis, T HC, enters the bloodstream through the lungs and reaches the brain, it triggers the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that induces amusement (Gettman). This causes several effects upon the user, such as increased sensitivity of the senses, a dry mouth, the inability to keep a train of thought, and fits of laughter, among others. Cannabis rest a legal though partially restricted substance in several countries. The Netherlands, for example, has mostly decriminalized cannabis. Portugal and Spain recently partially decriminalized the possession and use of inexpert cannabis. However, in the united States, the possession of cannabis or any gear mechanism is expressly illegal. While no major legislation has been proposed to decriminalize the amateur use of cannabis, the United States government has commissioned several studies regarding the properties of cannabis and its effects, and also has considered bills permitting the medicinal use of marijuana.Cannabis was prevalent in A merica for often of the 18th and 19th centuries. Many apothecaries and doctors proscribed medications containing cannabis. Until 1941, cannabis was part of the United States pharmacopoeia. However, in the early 20th century, public opinion swung and cannabis was characterized as an evil and ... ...a will certainly continue longer than that. However, the fact remains that a drug recognized as physically safer and more skillful than nicotine and alcohol has caused millions of imprisonments, billions of federal dollars, and several lives. However, we are only left to curio if the prohibition of marijuana today will one day look as trivial is our prohibition of alcohol was during the early 20th century. full treatment CitedBaggins, David Sadofsky. Drug Hate and the Corruption of American Justice. Westport, CT Praeger, 1998.Fish, Jefferson M. How to Legalize Drugs. Northvale, NJ Jason Aronson, Inc., 1998.Gettman, Jon. Physiological Effects of Cannabis Consumption. The Medical Feas ibility of Marijuana. 8 Dec. 2000. Whitman College. .Gieringer, Dale. NORML Report on Marijuana Prohibition. National Organization for the unsnarl of Marijuana Laws Homepage. 8 Dec. 2000. NORML. .Inciardi, James A. The Drug Legalization Debate. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications, 1999.Rubin, Vera. Cannabis and Culture. The Hague Mouton Publishers, 1975.

The Ladies in Macbeth Essay -- GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Ladies in Macbeth The audience finds in Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth the appearance of both natural women, and one of those only very briefly. Therefore this paper volition present enlightenment of the role of Lady Macbeth mainly, and on the witches only briefly. L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth describes the unnaturalness in the thoughts and words of the plays dominant female force, Lady Macbeth thence the sense of the unnaturalness of evil is evoked not only be iterate explicit references (natures mischief, nature seems dead, Tis unnatural, even like the deed thats done, and so on) only when by the expression of unnatural sentiments and an unnatural violence of tone in such things as Lady Macbeths invocation of the spirits who will furbish up her, and her affirmation that she would murder the babe at her breast if she had sworn to do it. (95) In Fools of Time Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye shows that a lady is the real driving force in the play T hat Macbeth is being hurried into a premature act by his wife is a point tall(a) to escape the most listless member of the audience, but Macbeth comes to regret the photoflash of fatal delay in murdering Macduff, and draws the moral that The flighty purpose neer is oertook Unless the deed go with it. From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand. That is, in future he will try to attain the successful rulers unrehearsed rhythm of action. (91) Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare contradict the video that the female protagonist is all strength Lady Macbeth is of a fi... ... Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK Manchester University Press, 1997. Kermode, Frank. Macbeth. The riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972. Knights, L.C. Macbeth. Shakespeare The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http//chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin. Siddons, Sarah. memorandum Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth. The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK Manchester University Press, 1997. Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada University of Toronto Press, 1957.

The Death Penalty Is A Necessary Evil Essay -- Pro Capital Punishment

The death penalisation is a necessary evil-minded that has a convinced(p) effect on societytoday. It is an good preventative of villainy as well as a safeguard forsociety. It as well helps to keep revisal in our cities. It is a just and effective penalisation for those who take over affiliated detestations heinous enough to deserve death. The death penalization is not a new idea in our world. Its origins date sand over3,700 old age to the Babylonian civilization, where it was prescribed for avariety of crimes. (Capital penalization p.10). It was also greatly used in theGreek and Roman empires. It proceed into England during the Middle Ages,and indeed to the American colonies where it exists still today. In thecolonies, death was a prescribed punishment for crimes such as murder, rape,arson, and perjury. In America today, the main(prenominal) crime merit death isobviously murder. (Capital penalization p.11-15).Does the death penalization truly deter cr imes and murder? This question is atthe heart of a heated political controversy over the punishment. Opposers tothe death penalty regularize no because of the vainglorious amount of battalion on death wrangletoday. They also rate that states that have the death penalty have a highercrime rate than those that do not, and therefore it is not effective andsomewhat contri providedes to the problem. (http//www.rit.edu/wwl2461/cp.html). Imust point out though that states that have the death penalty are usuallyhighly urbanized areas that nearly likely forget have high crime rates because ofthe massive population. Rather, in clownish states there is no need for the deathpenalty because the population is almost likely low and scattered throughout theregion. States that manage capital punishment do so because of high crimera... ...most effective means of crime deterrent as you cansee. It not scarce punishes those who commit the crimes, but also preventsfuture crimes by sc aring the would-be receiver with the consequence he wouldpay for his actions. It has proven effective throughout history, and imparthold substantive through the ages as long as people continue to be corrupt andcommit crimes. BibliographyThe Death penalisation opponent Viewpoints Written by David L. Becker, 2011pp.b41, 70Capital punishment Written by Michael Kronenwetter, 2013 pp. 10-15, 31 more than Blacks Favor the Death Penalty JET Magazine, Vol. 93, hump 24, May 11, 2008pp. 5-6professional person Capital Punishment Pagehttp//www.rit.edu/wwl2461/cp.htmlCapital Punishmenthttp//ethics.acusd.edu/mill.htmlThe Bureau of arbiter Statistics (BJS), WEb. 13 May 2015.http//www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=18 The Death Penalty Is A Necessary Evil Essay -- Pro Capital Punishment The death penalty is a necessary evil that has a positive effect on societytoday. It is an effective deterrent of crime as well as a safeguard forsociety. It also helps to keep order in our cit ies. It is a just and effective punishment for those who have committed crimes heinous enough to deserve death. The death penalty is not a new idea in our world. Its origins date back over3,700 years to the Babylonian civilization, where it was prescribed for avariety of crimes. (Capital Punishment p.10). It was also greatly used in theGreek and Roman empires. It continued into England during the Middle Ages,and then to the American colonies where it exists still today. In thecolonies, death was a prescribed punishment for crimes such as murder, rape,arson, and perjury. In America today, the main crime deserving death isobviously murder. (Capital Punishment p.11-15).Does the death penalty truly deter crimes and murder? This question is atthe heart of a heated political controversy over the punishment. Opposers tothe death penalty say no because of the large amount of people on death rowtoday. They also say that states that have the death penalty have a highercrime rate tha n those that do not, and therefore it is not effective andsomewhat contributes to the problem. (http//www.rit.edu/wwl2461/cp.html). Imust point out though that states that have the death penalty are usuallyhighly urbanized areas that most likely will have high crime rates because ofthe large population. Rather, in rural states there is no need for the deathpenalty because the population is most likely low and scattered throughout theregion. States that practice capital punishment do so because of high crimera... ...most effective means of crime deterrent as you cansee. It not only punishes those who commit the crimes, but also preventsfuture crimes by scaring the would-be murderer with the consequence he wouldpay for his actions. It has proven effective throughout history, and willhold strong through the ages as long as people continue to be corrupt andcommit crimes. BibliographyThe Death Penalty Opposing Viewpoints Written by David L. Becker, 2011pp.b41, 70Capital Punishment Written by Michael Kronenwetter, 2013 pp. 10-15, 31More Blacks Favor the Death Penalty JET Magazine, Vol. 93, Issue 24, May 11, 2008pp. 5-6Pro Capital Punishment Pagehttp//www.rit.edu/wwl2461/cp.htmlCapital Punishmenthttp//ethics.acusd.edu/mill.htmlThe Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), WEb. 13 May 2015.http//www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=18

Cuneiform :: Egyptian Writing Essays

Cuneiform The earliest piece of music in Mesopotamia was a ascertain write invented by the Sumerians who wrote on clay tablets using long reeds. The leger the Sumerians invented and handed down to the Semitic peoples who conquered Mesopotamia in later centuries, is called cuneiform, which is derived from two Latin says cuneus , which means wedge, and forma , which means shape. This picture language, similar to yet to a greater extent abstract than Egyptian hieroglyphics, eventually developed into a syllabic alphabet under the Semites (Assyrians and Babylonians) who eventually came to dominate the bea. In Sumer, the original writing was pictographic (picture writing) individual words were represented by crude pictorial symbols that resembled in some way the object organism represented, as in the Sumerian word for king. The first symbol pictures gal, or great, and the second pictures lu, or man. Eventually, this pictorial writing developed into a more abstract series of wedges and hooks. These wedges and hooks are the original cuneiform and represented in Sumerian entire words (this is called ideographic and the word symbols are called ideograms, which means concept writing) the Semites who adopted this writing, however, spoke an entirely divergent language, in fact, a language as different from Sumerian as English is different from Japanese. In order to adapt this foreign writing to a Semitic language, the Akkadians converted it in part to a syllabic writing system individual signs represent entire syllables. However, in admittance to syllable symbols, some cuneiform symbols are ideograms (picture words) representing an entire word these ideograms might also, in other contexts, be simply syllables. For instance, in Assyrian, the cuneiform for the syllable ki is written. However, as an ideogram, this cuneiform also stands for the Assyrian word irsitu , or earth. So reading cuneiform invo lves mastering a large syllabic alphabet as well as a large number of ideograms, more of them identical to syllable symbols. This complicated writing system dominated Mesopotamia until the century originally the birth of Christ the Persians greatly simplified cuneiform until it represented something close to an alphabet.

Electronic Payment System Essay -- Technology Essays

Electronic compensation System I. IntroductionWith the continuing rapid growth of E-commerce, actions on the Internet have been increasing exponentially. And such effects require more or less reliable and secure payment systems. In fact, one of the key factors in the success of E-commerce is the development of convenient, reliable and secure electronic payment system. To sympathize the issues and current activities regarding the development of electronic payment system, I discuss the pursual in this musical theme. live idea-based payment system Major issues in intention an electronic payment system Electronic payment system II. existing paper-based payment systemThe existing paper-based payment system can be largely classified as paper checks and recognize card systems. In a paper checks processing system, the cost of normal operations is a great deal outweighed by the cost associated with exception handling. If a typical transaction cost US 5 cents to process, and the manual labor associated with handling errors and exceptions comes to an average of $25, flush with an error rate of only two per thousand, exception costs go forth equal normal processing costs. As electronic processing drives knock pass the cost of normal transactions, exception handling becomes relatively more significant. salary systems must therefore be implemented to the highest standards of reliability, with automated procedures for recovering from errors whenever possible. On the other hand, the recognition card system was designed to provide quick gratification of the wants of consumers by allowing them to purchase goods or services on credit... ...tions of functions, price, and performance. The paper world, after all, has many different instruments, which embody different tradeoffs among risk, cost, complexity, responsiveness, and the time until the transaction is final. The same vari ety should be expected in electronic credit and debit systems. Yet new technologies uncover new ways to grant risk, liability, and cost among the parties to a transaction. They leave take both(prenominal)what longer to develop, however, as they require changes in regulatory assumptions, case law, and participant behavior, all of which formulate much more slowly than technology does. Reference 1. Credits and Debits on the Internet, Marvin A. Sirbu, Carnegie Mellon University, 19972. http//www.cybercash.com3. http//www.setco.org Electronic defrayment System Essay -- Technology EssaysElectronic pay System I. IntroductionWith the continuing rapid growth of E-commerce, transactions on the Internet have been increasing exponentially. And such transactions require some reliable and secure payment systems. In fact, one of the key factors in the success of E-commerce is the development of convenient, reliable and secure electronic payment system. To view the issues and current activities regarding the development of electronic payment system, I discuss the followers in this paper. Existing paper-based payment system Major issues in designing an electronic payment system Electronic payment system II. Existing paper-based payment systemThe existing paper-based payment system can be largely classified as paper checks and credit card systems. In a paper checks processing system, the cost of normal operations is ofttimes outweighed by the costs associated with exception handling. If a typical transaction costs US 5 cents to process, and the manual labor associated with handling errors and exceptions comes to an average of $25, thus far with an error rate of only two per thousand, exception costs will equal normal processing costs. As electronic processing drives down the cost of normal transac tions, exception handling becomes relatively more significant. Payment systems must therefore be implemented to the highest standards of reliability, with automated procedures for recovering from errors whenever possible. On the other hand, the credit card system was designed to provide warm gratification of the wants of consumers by allowing them to purchase goods or services on credit... ...tions of functions, price, and performance. The paper world, after all, has many different instruments, which embody different tradeoffs among risk, cost, complexity, responsiveness, and the time until the transaction is final. The same variety should be expected in electronic credit and debit systems. Yet new technologies uncover new ways to unfold risk, liability, and cost among the parties to a transaction. They will take somewhat longer to develop, however, as they require changes in regulatory assumptions, case law, and participant behavior, all of which produce much more slowly than technology does. Reference 1. Credits and Debits on the Internet, Marvin A. Sirbu, Carnegie Mellon University, 19972. http//www.cybercash.com3. http//www.setco.org

Phases :: Real Reality Philosophy Philosophical Essays

PhasesPhases Reality is a knockout term to comprehend. The meaning itself is quite an simple What is real? The idea of truthfulness is significantly more complex What makes something real? This is the sort of question that depends greatly on the individuals interpretation of the mankind that surrounds them. In the wise Blood Music, Greg generate sh ars his thoughts on how people within a rapidly changing verity argon take uped. Bear explores several theories that help answer questions like What if world as we know it could be altered? How would this changing reality affect the people involved? Also the fundamental question, what is real? Bear uses quite a large assortment of actual facts in this novel. His research in the subject of biology helps to add a greater feel of realism to the story. Bear even went as far as to break the novel up into phases to help the ratifier further understand the misadventures in the novel. The phases as a whole can be thought of as a sort of outline for the reader, a step-by-step guide to the transitions from one reality to another. Each phase can be thought of as a inter cellular telephoneular substance. A matrix is a place in space and clock that is constant and stable enough to be considered a reality. The words matrix and reality can consistently be used interchangeably since their meanings are basically the same. Bears choice in phases is no coincidence. Since Blood Music deals with the number of developing biological change in human beings, Bear fitly chose the five phases of cell development also known as the cell cycle. The novel follows these five phases to a tee. It is as though he resolve to create a story that was led by the predetermined phases. This discovery would lead many readers to think more likely than not, Greg Bear sit down with the phases in mind long before a angiotensin converting enzyme sentence of the story was ever written. The five phases or realities of the novel are interphase, propha se, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In the very theme of the book, the first and last thing the reader will come across is the interphase. Very much like this equipment casualty biological meaning, the interphase can be thought of as a disk operating system of uninterrupted being. In other words, there is no change happening in this phase. This phase appears twice in Blood Music, in the beginning and at the end, yet they only make up a chalk up of two and a half pages.

The narrative epic, ‘The Odyssey’ composed by Homer between 750 and 650 :: Classics

The communicative large, The Odyssey composed by Homer between 750 and 650 BC recounts the nostos or signward-bound voyage of OdysseusIf I were you,I should take steps to make these workforce disperse.Listen, now, and attend to what I say at daybreak call the islanders to assembly,and blab your volition, and call the gods to witnessthe suitors must go scattering to their homes.Then hithers a course for you, if you agreeget a sonorous craft afloat with twenty oarsand go abroad for news of your bewildered baffleperhaps a travellers tale, or rumored fameissued from genus Zeus abroad in the world of men.Talk to that noble sage at Pylos, Nestor,then go to Menellos, the red-haired king 330at Sparta, last man home of all the Akhaians.If you should learn your father is aliveand coming home, you could hold turn up a year.Or if you learn that he is dead and gone,then you stub come back to your own dear countryand raise a mound for him, and burn his gear,with all the funeral honors due the man,and give your mother to another(prenominal) husband.When you have done all this, or seen it done,it will be conviction to ponder concerning these contenders in your househow you should kill them, outright or by guile.You need not bear this insolence of theirs,you are a sister no longer. Have you heardwhat glory young Orests winwhen he cut down that two-faced man, Aigsthos,for killing his illustrious father?Dear friend, you are tall and well set-up, I seebe braveyou, tooand men in times to comewill speak of you respectfully. Now I must join my shipmy crew will grumble if I keep them waiting.Look to yourself remember what I told you.Telemachus repliedFriend, you have done mekindness, like a father to his son,and I shall not forget your counsel ever.You must get back to sea, I know, precisely cometake a hot bath, and rest accept a giftto make you heart lift up when you embark 360 round precious thing, and beautiful, from me,a keepsake, such as dear friends give their f riends.scripted Commentary The OdysseyThe narrative epic, The Odyssey composed by Homer between 750 and650 BC recounts the nostos or homeward voyage of Odysseus, a renownedGreek warrior hero. This draw from the The Odyssey is taken fromthe Telemachy narrative section of the epic the Telemachy containsthe exposition of the great epic which opens on the island of Ithaca.These opening passages of the epic elucidates Odysseuss circumstancesas the Gods behold his fate though eccentrically the focal point

Common Pagan Rituals And Beliefs Essay examples -- essays research pap

Paganism is an quaint type of faith which has quite an inauspiciousreputation today. There are numerous types of non-Jewism, just about date backthousands of years, which include Wicca, Witchcraft, Paganism, and a few new(prenominal) lesser known and practiced variations. Yet all of these religionsare similar and contend common legal opinions. Wicca is the most common of these,as it as well demonstrates the shared article of belief of doing good that is common tomost forms of paganism. Another common belief, is to gather in smallgroups, called covens, to practice pagan rites and ceremonies with others.There are many ancient beliefs, archaic rituals, and forgotten traditionsthat are practiced by pagans. Many of these are also the origins ofwidely practiced traditions in the Christian-dominated world of today.A delimitate characteristic of many pagan religions, especially Wicca, isthe worship and closeness to nature. Pagans manage animals kindly and measure all things, liv ing or nonliving, as though they were a person (RoyN. p.). They also share the worship of their nature gods, which increasestheir respect for all that is around them (Roy N. p.). Pagans are verysensitive people that also have a high regard for personal privacy (Roy N.p.). With this belief of privacy, many pagans have more time to keep in suffer with their inner selves and with the nature around them. Wicca, amore popular pagan religion, focuses on the Earth and uses pure whitemagic to help others (Roy N. p.). In fact, the Wiccan creed is, An itharm none, do as thou will, which agrees with the good school of thought(Beliefs N. p.). Altogether, pagans have a great deal of emphasis on the action and beauty of the nature that thrives around them and are radicallydifferent than the unreal rumors of witches that have been given to themover time.Another defining characteristic of many pagans is the dedication toknowledge and self exploration (Roy N. p.). In fact it has been saythat, Wit chcraft is the oldest, most irrepressible religion in the worldbecause it stimulates the intellect, promotes a simple, practical way oflife, and most importantly, is emotionally satisfying (Art N. p.). Thereis a set of beliefs, called the Laws of Magic that help illustrate thebeliefs supported by Wicca and other pagan religions. Many of these la... .... The Laws of Magic. Online. Necronami Net. addressableHTTPhttp//www.necronami.com/d/paganism-celtic/magic.laws.txt, 30 Nov. 1996.General Beliefs. Online. Necronami Net. acquirable HTTPhttp//www.necronami.com/d/paganism-celtic/wicca.gen_beliefs.txt, 15 Dec.1996.Hicks, J. Brad. Ceremony of Initiation. Online. Necronami Net. Available HTTPhttp//www.necronami.com/d/paganism-celtic/initiation.ritual.txt, 15 Dec.1996.Hunter, Ryan. Handfasting Ceremony. Online. Necronami Net. AvailableHTTPhttp//www.necronami.com/d/paganism-celtic/handfasting1.ritual.txt, 15Dec. 1996.Roy, R. Thirteen Questions. Online. Necromnami Net. Available HTTP http// www.necronami.com/d/paganism-celtic/13Questions.txt, 30 Nov. 1996.The antiquated Art. Online. Necronami Net. Available HTTP http//www.necronami.com/d/paganism-celtic/craft.intro.txt, 30 Nov. 1996.The Sabbats. Online, Teleplex Communications, Inc. Available HTTP http//www.teleplex.net/SCNPA/sabbat.html, 8 Dec. 1996.

Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body and Caryl Churchills Cloud Ni

Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body and Caryl Churchills horde societyIn Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body and Caryl Churchills confuse Nine differences between male and effeminate roles in baseball club become distinct. Through these differences, an intricate web of male and distaff characters trancems to be woven, and we can see the clarity between gender roles. With the support of Churchills sully Nine by Jeffrey Barber, You see, I am no strange to be intimate Jeanette Winterson and the Extasy of the Word by Celia Shiffer, and Body Languages Scientific and Aesthetic Discourses in Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body, the idea of love and gender roles enter in Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body and Caryl Churchills Cloud Nine become alive, and we see how these characters both form to and break from their assign roles. The roles of the characters be exemplified by distinct differences between the genders through the presence of love and gender stereoty pes, the dominant idea of nature, and the struggle between male and female characters with specific reference to sexual relationships and marriage. Gender stereotypes seem characteristic in both Written on the Body and Cloud Nine. Clearly the women atomic number 18 expected to be submissive, while the men are to be assertive. The frontmost time we see the idea of these gender stereotypes in Cloud Nine is with Edward and his sister Victorias doll. Dolls are clearly not toys for boys they are only for little girls. And so, when Edward is caught playing with the doll, his father and mother show chagrin in him because it is not proper for a boy to play with a doll. Edward gives the doll up unwillingly. The second time Edward is caught playing with the doll Betty says ... ...tinguishable, a good deal seems figures as a condition of being human rather than coded with female specificity (Shiffer 33). Schiffer draws our attention to a very important concept brought about passim t he two novels the concept of loss. Love can only be deliberate by loss, and in Written on the Body the narrator realizes the vastness of Louise and the impact she had on her life only after she is gone. However, when Betty leaves Clive in Cloud Nine she realizes all that she can do for herself, which furthermore signifies Clives irrelevancy to her life. Both of these works explicitly work for and against one another both forming to and prisonbreak from very intricate connections. Through both texts, we can see how each of the characters wants to conform to certain stereotypes, and how ultimately, many of the characters end up breaking from the stereotypes set forth.

Renissance and Reformation Essay -- Political, Economic, Social Develop

The arrival of the rebirth in atomic number 63 brought umteen developments that light-emitting diode to an entirely new political, economic, and social structure. During the 1400s and 1500s, there was a major reposition that took place in all aspects of life in Italy. The Renaissance item of the 1500s was a time of artistic wonders of inspiration that emphasized individual achievements, which gave individuals their knowledge ideals to follow. Inspiration from the ancient Greek and roman type people led to do-gooder beliefs and encouraged men to have achievements in many areas. Recovery from disasters of the fourteenth century such as the plague, political instability, and a decline in Church power led to interests in ancient culture. As interests grew, Renaissance arose in Italy for three reasons. First, Italy had several important cities, whereas most of northern atomic number 63 was still rural. Second, these cities included a class of wealthy and powerful merchants and bank ers. Third, the finished buildings and other reminders of classical Rome inspired Italian artists and scholars. The society overly divided into three estates, or social classes. First estate was clergy, min was nobility, and third was commoners, which were peasants and townspeople. Also, marriages were arranged to strengthen political ties, and the humanism, new interest in the classical part, led to an important value in Renaissance. The ideals of the people changed. Italian writers, Machiavelli and Castiglione, began to create plays and other pieces of writing that did not hold back their line up beliefs. Art, literature, math, and science greatly progressed due to humanism, and artworks became more realistic. Techniques such as fresco, genuine by Masaccio, enabled the illusion of depth. Many other te... ... chief pillars were the Jesuits founded by the Ignatius of Loyola, mitigate of the papacy that happened in part to Protestantism, and Council of Trent that was a Reform Commission appointive in 1537 to determine Churchs ills and affirm traditional Catholic teachings. Then, Protestantism spread more the further it got from Rome.The arrival of the Renaissance in Europe brought many developments that led to an entirely new political, economic, and social structure, but it to a fault brought a corruption in the Church. Inspiration from the ancient Greek and Roman people led to humanist beliefs and encouraged men to have achievements in many areas. The Church was no longer the center of life for many people, but it was still an important aspect. When it was brought to serious questions and political concerns, the Reformation caused Catholic responses in many areas of Europe.

Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay -- Kate Chopin St

Back in 1894, the American writer Kate Chopin wrote the short-story The Story of an minute. Chopin, born OFlaherty, wasnt renowned as a writer during her time, but she has achieved deferred payment in the 20th century especially with her 1899 novel The Awakening. Her stories slightly strong women have in reality been paid attention to in relation back to this centurys sexual departure debate. This short-story revolves around what goes through a persons head when sensible that a close family member has perished. However, I wouldnt say that this is the theme of the story, which Ill wreak back to. Louise Mallard is a young, yet married woman who suffers from philia trouble, and thats why her closest relatives feel that they have to break the news to her as gently as possible. Immediately after hearing the shocking news, Louise starts crying, and storms into her room. Since Louise spends the volume of the short-story in her room, this is the setting of the story. Noone really knows early in the story how Louise really feels about her economise dying. But the author certainly gives some unvarnished hints. The fourth paragraphs content, which revolves around the period of time where Louise has just entered her room, is fairly surprising. Everyone would calculate Louise to weep with agony and pain, but instead she sits calmly down on that point stood, facing an open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. The interested reader will already here discover that something is terribly wrong, since a word bid comfortable is used. A newly widdowed woman would probably not belief upon a chair as comfortable shortly after receiving the terri... ...t she starts daydream about it. That shows that she has an enormous respect for her husband, and doesnt dare to do anything that breaks or is in variance with his rights, restrictions and grou ndrules. Today we have procedures and laws regarding womens rights when it comes to feeling trapped in a marriage and urging to end it. Getting a divorce from ones husband is about as easy for women nowadays as opening a can of beer. Nevertheless, Chopins story tells a lot about the situation women were in a century ago, and its morale has blossomed lately following the recent liberation debate. The Story of an Hour has probably inspired a great spread of women to oppose their husbands if they feel like their marriage isnt quite as ride as it ought to be.

Experimental Training Program: Wilderness/adventure Learning :: essays research papers

Experimental Training Program Wilderness/Adventure scholarship     Training employees is a fundamental element of a corporations success. A familiarity succeeds only as well as the hatful running it butt joint perform. Thistraining process washbasin cover many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) skills and go into many areas of expertise. Onekey element that has only recently come into bodily process is an outdoor- basedexperiential training program.     Commonly called "ropes courses," wilderness courses or accidentlearning programs have been in use in the USA since the early 1980s, and byorganizations in the UK since the early 1970s. Outdoor programs have been most honest when used to promote effective work teams and used to nurture leadership and management skills in the participants. Outdoor- based trainingprograms seem to accomplish these objectives by allowing participants to developa high level of trust in their peers, improve their problem-solving ability, andgenerally improve the level of interpersonal communications between assortmembers.     Companies are looking for leaders that can launch them into a forward-looking era.Constant improvement is necessary to meet the growth of challenging competition.So who defines leadership? What is a leader and how would you raise these skillsthat may be laying dormant in your subordinates?Organizations need great leaders to help them successfully survive themany difficulties of this decade. Yet, the very notion of leadership has rapidlydegenerated into a clich, a buzz word. In many peoples minds, leadership hasbecome determine with an overly simplistic conception of vision and empowerment.Although these concepts do play an alpha role in the leadership process,they only scratch the surface of what an exceptional(a) leader actually does on aday-to-day basis.What do leaders really do to make an organization work well? In my research I found that great leaders exhibit baseball club different kinds of behaviors that enablethem to bring out the best in the people around them. Some of the nine behaviorsof leadership listed below involve grammatical construction participatory teams, some involveusing "situational management strategies," while others enhance personalresources. Listed separately, the nine behaviors includeDeveloping people.Being able to set others.Encouraging teamwork.Empowering people.Using multiple options thinking.Taking intelligent risks.Being hot about work.Having a strong, clear vision.Stretching ones personal creativity.While many people think leaders are unique, even born to that verbalise ofexcellence, I have found just the opposite. With proper experiential training,it is come-at-able for people to learn these leadership behaviors. In other words,leaders can be developed. By all means they should be developed at many levelsin an organization because leadership in a hierarchical situation stimulates thebest in their followers and thereby increases overall productivity.

Music :: essays research papers

The Justice Department has intensified its antitrust investigation of the unison industriousnesss licensing pr conductices, demanding that industry organizations and online companies submit a slew of documents related to Internet unison operate.The segment recently began sending out "civil investigative demand" letters, hunt down for evidence of collusion by record companies and affiliates to impede competition. The recipients of the letters admit the Recording Industry Assn. of America, at least two Internet companies and MusicNet, an online music distributor jointly owned by three major labels and RealNetworks Inc.A copy of one letter obtained by The magazines indicates that antitrust investigators are looking at all the terms proposed by the record companies and music publishers for their licenses, as surface as the lawsuits they threatened, brought or sett lead over online music. other issue being explored is the contentious negotiations over online radio servic es. The major labels manoeuver the copyrights to most of the recordings that consumers buy, while the publishers control the songwriters copyrights. That control gives the labels and publishers the power to dictate which companies plunder offer interactive or on-demand music services online, as well as influencing their prices and terms of use.The growing demand for online music services has led the conglomerates that own the major record companies to create their own channels for distribution. AOL Time Warner, Bertelsmann and EMI Group formed MusicNet, and Universal Music Group and Sony Corp. created Pressplay.The inquiry appears to wave around two questions Why are MusicNet and Pressplay the only ventures to receive licenses for a significant amount of major-label music? And what, if anything, did the labels do to inflate their royalties from online radio services?The record companies defenders say the labels have been cautious in licensing, but they havent colluded to bourn c ompetition. "I dont see it, and I havent experienced it," said Robin D. Richards, chairwoman and chief executive of MP3.com, a maverick online music company that was acquired in August by Vivendi Universal and has a distribution deal with Pressplay. only when executives at several online companies say they have had mixed experiences with the labels and that some act fairly and some dont. The result, they say, is that the labels online ventures--MusicNet and Pressplay--are launching this year without any real competition.The industrys licensing practices withal have drawn criticism from some influential lawmakers, including leaders of the domicile and Senate Judiciary committees. In addition, the federal judge presiding over the industrys copyright-infringement lawsuit against Napster Inc.

How Organism Learn: Classical And Operant Conditioning :: essays research papers fc

How Organism Learn Classical and Operant Conditioning at that place are deuce main explanations of how organisms learn. The firstexplanation is known as definitive learn. The second explanation is knownas operant instruct. These two types of learning are exhibited in oureveryday lives through our home, school, and school.Classical learn was discovered by Iran Petrovich Pavlov. He wasoriginally a physiologist whose main centre was the digestive system (Gazzaniga230). His discovery was made during a study on the salivation of dogs whengiven food. Pavlov observed that the dogs began salivating at the sound of thescientists footsteps and at their appearance into the room (231). This ledPavlov to study the phenomenon further.The experiments that Pavlov was originally observing were based on the hangof unconditioned excitant and its unconditioned solvent. What is meant byconditioned is that the response is machine-driven and based on instinct. Tocompliment this name the input i s known as the unconditioned stimulant (Myers260). With Pavlovs new observations a new set of excitant and response wasfound. This new set is known as the conditioned remark and the conditionedresponse. What is meant by conditioned response here is that the response waslearned. The stimulus begins as neutral and causes no conditioned response.However, if the neutral stimulus bottom of the inning be associated with another stimulus, thenit becomes a conditioned stimulus.Classical conditioning can be exemplified in the home, school, and school.In the home a youngster could scent out brownies baking in the kitchen which makes hermouth water. The brownies are the unconditioned stimulus, the smell is theconditioned stimulus, and the watering of the mouth is the conditioned response(Myers 267-68). In make a man may be waiting to be fired. When he sees hisboss he begins to sweat. The unconditioned stimulus is getting fired, theconditioned stimulus is the sight of the boss, the condi tioned response is thesweating. In school a male child may be in class when suddenly the fire scandalize goes offat which time the boy walks to exit the building. The unconditioned stimulus isfear of a fire, the conditioned stimulus is the sound of the alarm, and theconditioned response is the exiting of the building.Operant conditioning is an organisms learning an association between howit behaves and what happens as a result of that behavior (Gazzaniga 244). Thereare some differences between stainless and operant conditioning. First, theoperant response has to occur completely spontaneously. In classicalconditioning the conditioned response is drawn from an organism. In operantconditioning the response is delivered by the organism which then awaits the

The Watergate Scandal :: President Richard Nixon

Watergate ScandalWatergate was a designation of a study U.S. scandal that began with theburglary and wiretapping of the Democratic partys headquarters, later engulfedPresident Richard M. Nixon and many of his supporters in a variety of illegalacts and culminated in the first resignation of a U.S. president.The burglary was pull on June 17, 1972, by five men who were caughtin the offices of the Democratic field Committee at the Watergate apartmentand office complex in cap D.C. Their arrest eventually uncovered a egg whiteHouse-sponsered plan of espionage against political opponents and a trail ofcomplicity that led to many of the highest officials in the land, includingformer U.S. lawyer General John Mitchell, dust coat House Counsel John doyen, WhiteHouse Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, White House Special suspensor on DomesticAffairs John Ehrlichman, and President Nixon himself. On April 30, 1973, wella year after the burglary and arrest and following a tremendous jury inve stigating ofthe burglary, Nixon accepted the resignation of Haldeman and Ehrlichman andannounced the dismissal of dean U.S. Attorney General Richard Kleindienstresigned as well. The new attorney widely distributed, Elliot Richardson, appointed aspecial prosecutor, Harvard Law School profesor Archibald Cox, to conduct afull-scale investigation of the Watergate break-in. In May of 1973, the SenateSelect Committee on Presidential Activities open(a) hearings, with Senator SamErvin of North Carolina as chairman. A series of startling revelations followed.Dean testified that Mitchell had tell the break-in and that a major attemptwas under means to hide White House involvement. He claimed that the president hadauthorized payments to the burglars to bread and butter them quiet. The Nixonadministration immediately denied this assertion.The testimony of White House aide horse parsley Butterfield unlocked theentire investigation pertaining to White House tapes. On July 16, 1973,Butterfie ld told the committee, on nationwide television, that Nixon had ordereda taping system installed in the White House to automatically record allconversations what the president said and when he said it could be verified.Cox immediately subpoened eight revelant tapes to confirm Deans testimony.Nixon refused to vacate the tapes, claiming they were vital to the nationalsecurity. U.S. District Court Judge Johm Sirica ruled that Nixon mustiness give thetapes to Cox, and an appeals court upheld the decision. Yet, Nixon held firm.He refused to turn over the tapes and, on Saturday, October 20, 1973, orderedRichardson to dismiss Cox. Richardson refused and resigned instead, as didDeputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus. Finally, the solicitor generaldischarged Cox.A storm of public protest resulted fron this Saturday night massacre.In response, Nixon appointed another special prosecutor, Leon Jaworski, a Texas

Philosophy in the South Asian Subcontinent: A Unity in Maladjustment :: Philosophical Globalization Essays

Philosophy in the southeastward Asian Subcontinent A symmetry in MaladjustmentABSTRACT Philosophy in the due south Asian subcontinent differs from Western doctrine in the following three slipway (1) it is based upon religion (2) beloved of tradition becomes an obstacle for philosophic reading and (3) authority is accepted as a source of knowledge. I postulate that prospective philosophic knowledge demands that the above three differences be removed. Furthermore, philosophers from the subcontinent must(prenominal) concentrate on contemporary issues. If I ask myself about the period of the philosophical heritage, which I may claim to have inherited from the ago, I shall find myself in a demandingy in finding a precise answer. If I tactile property back for my heritage, beyond fifty eld towards the past, I shall find that the past heritage to which I belong, incidentally coincides with that of the South Asian subcontinent. In the condition of philosophical system, th at heritage is what we find mainly in the traditions of the Vedic philosophical schools (specially the Vedanta school), Buddhism and Jainism. These philosophical traditions are also considered as oriental person philosophies. An orientalistic outlook in the stage setting of these philosophical traditions may find it difficult to urinate a canal of demarcation between the past and the preface status of these traditions. It is my intention to report attention to the occurrence that, in the scope of philosophy, our past heritage is in a sense an obstacle to our prox progress and to this extent, our heritage and our future are in a wizard in maladjustment.I shall draw attention to several(prenominal) historical situations, and some claims of heritage based on these situations. It is claimed that, it is possible to trace the rise of philosophy to a period prior than the Greeks.... (1) This claim may lead to peculiarity whether Thales is the father of philosophy. In this con text it is further claimed that The first Greek idea whom we can appropriately absorb as a philosopher was Thales, and that When, however, we look at India of the sixth century B.C., we forecast a completely different picture. ... It was not a case of the wrap up of philosophy as in Greece save what may be expound as the full glow of philosophical day. (2) What implications are meant to follow from much(prenominal) claims? Can we say that W. T. Stace is wrong in claiming that Thales is the father of philosophy? (3) Should iodin rather say that Thales is in fact the father of western philosophy only?Philosophy in the South Asian Subcontinent A Unity in Maladjustment Philosophical Globalization EssaysPhilosophy in the South Asian Subcontinent A Unity in MaladjustmentABSTRACT Philosophy in the south Asian subcontinent differs from Western philosophy in the following three ways (1) it is based upon religion (2) love of tradition becomes an obstacle for philosophical developme nt and (3) authority is accepted as a source of knowledge. I argue that future philosophical development demands that the above three differences be removed. Furthermore, philosophers from the subcontinent must concentrate on contemporary issues. If I ask myself about the extent of the philosophical heritage, which I may claim to have inherited from the past, I shall find myself in a difficulty in finding a precise answer. If I look back for my heritage, beyond fifty years towards the past, I shall find that the past heritage to which I belong, incidentally coincides with that of the South Asian subcontinent. In the context of philosophy, that heritage is what we find mainly in the traditions of the Vedic philosophical schools (specially the Vedanta school), Buddhism and Jainism. These philosophical traditions are also considered as oriental philosophies. An orientalistic outlook in the context of these philosophical traditions may find it difficult to draw a line of demarcation bet ween the past and the present status of these traditions. It is my intention to draw attention to the fact that, in the context of philosophy, our past heritage is in a sense an obstacle to our future progress and to this extent, our heritage and our future are in a unity in maladjustment.I shall draw attention to some historical situations, and some claims of heritage based on these situations. It is claimed that, it is possible to trace the rise of philosophy to a period earlier than the Greeks.... (1) This claim may lead to wonder whether Thales is the father of philosophy. In this context it is further claimed that The first Greek thinker whom we can appropriately describe as a philosopher was Thales, and that When, however, we look at India of the sixth century B.C., we see a completely different picture. ... It was not a case of the dawn of philosophy as in Greece but what may be described as the full glow of philosophical day. (2) What implications are meant to follow from su ch claims? Can we say that W. T. Stace is wrong in claiming that Thales is the father of philosophy? (3) Should one rather say that Thales is in fact the father of western philosophy only?